{"id":4471,"date":"2025-12-17T10:18:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/?p=4471"},"modified":"2025-12-17T10:18:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:18:47","slug":"discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h2>\n<div id=\"eng-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<div class=\"title\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"chapter-para\">Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, is one of the most popular herbs in the West and Southeast Asia. A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have never been investigated for their biological activities. Antiviral and virucidal assays of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom, M. speciosa, revealed that a crude extract displayed virucidal activity against the SARS-CoV-2. Activity-guided isolation of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom led to the identification of B-type procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin as virucidal compounds against SARS-CoV-2. The fraction containing condensed tannins exhibited virucidal activity with an EC50 value of 8.38 \u03bcg\/mL and a selectivity index (SI) value >23.86. LC-MS\/MS analysis and MALDI-TOF MS identified the structure of the virucidal compounds in Kratom as B-type procyanidin condensed tannins, while gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) revealed weight average molecular weight of 238,946 Da for high molecular-weight condensed tannins. In addition to alkaloids, (-)-epicatechin was found as a major component in the leaves of M. speciosa, but it did not have virucidal activity. Macromolecules of (-)-epicatechin, i.e., procyanidin condensed tannins, showed potent virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that the high molecular weights of these polyphenols are important for virucidal activity.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38866269\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38866269\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, is one of the most popular herbs in the West and Southeast Asia. A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have never been investigated for their biological activities. Antiviral and virucidal assays of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom, M. speciosa, revealed that [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-innovation-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2 - \u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2 - \u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abstract Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, is one of the most popular herbs in the West and Southeast Asia. A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have never been investigated for their biological activities. Antiviral and virucidal assays of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom, M. speciosa, revealed that [...]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SIBBprogram\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-17T03:18:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-17T03:18:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Poorintra Sakuna\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Poorintra Sakuna\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Poorintra Sakuna\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/75170c4a414d080cfd0b7428b2e0d11a\"},\"headline\":\"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-17T03:18:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-17T03:18:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\"},\"wordCount\":225,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Research Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\",\"name\":\"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2 - 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A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have never been investigated for their biological activities. Antiviral and virucidal assays of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom, M. speciosa, revealed that [...]","og_url":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/","og_site_name":"\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SIBBprogram\/","article_published_time":"2025-12-17T03:18:03+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-17T03:18:47+00:00","author":"Poorintra Sakuna","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Poorintra Sakuna","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/"},"author":{"name":"Poorintra Sakuna","@id":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/75170c4a414d080cfd0b7428b2e0d11a"},"headline":"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against 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