{"id":4471,"date":"2025-12-17T10:18:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/?p=4471"},"modified":"2026-03-30T15:39:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T08:39:25","slug":"discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sanya Sureram, Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai, Tam Pooprasert, Watchara Sangsopha, Suphitcha Limjiasahapong, Narumol Jariyasopit, Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn, <strong> Sakda Khoomrung<\/strong>, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Somsak Ruchirawat, Prasat Kittakoop<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h2>\n<div id=\"eng-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<p>Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, is one of the most popular herbs in the West and Southeast Asia. A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have never been investigated for their biological activities. Antiviral and virucidal assays of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom, M. speciosa, revealed that a crude extract displayed virucidal activity against the SARS-CoV-2. Activity-guided isolation of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom led to the identification of B-type procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin as virucidal compounds against SARS-CoV-2. The fraction containing condensed tannins exhibited virucidal activity with an EC50 value of 8.38 \u03bcg\/mL and a selectivity index (SI) value &gt;23.86. LC-MS\/MS analysis and MALDI-TOF MS identified the structure of the virucidal compounds in Kratom as B-type procyanidin condensed tannins, while gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) revealed weight average molecular weight of 238,946 Da for high molecular-weight condensed tannins. In addition to alkaloids, (-)-epicatechin was found as a major component in the leaves of M. speciosa, but it did not have virucidal activity. Macromolecules of (-)-epicatechin, i.e., procyanidin condensed tannins, showed potent virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that the high molecular weights of these polyphenols are important for virucidal activity.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38866269\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38866269\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sanya Sureram, Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai, Tam Pooprasert, Watchara Sangsopha, Suphitcha Limjiasahapong, Narumol Jariyasopit, Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn, Sakda Khoomrung, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Somsak Ruchirawat, Prasat Kittakoop Abstract Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, is one of the most popular herbs in the West and Southeast Asia. A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-innovation-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2 - \u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2 - \u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sanya Sureram, Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai, Tam Pooprasert, Watchara Sangsopha, Suphitcha Limjiasahapong, Narumol Jariyasopit, Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn, Sakda Khoomrung, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Somsak Ruchirawat, Prasat Kittakoop Abstract Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, is one of the most popular herbs in the West and Southeast Asia. A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have [...]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SIBBprogram\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-17T03:18:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-30T08:39:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Poorintra Sakuna\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Poorintra Sakuna\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\\\/department\\\/biochemistry\\\/en\\\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\\\/department\\\/biochemistry\\\/en\\\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Poorintra Sakuna\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\\\/department\\\/biochemistry\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/75170c4a414d080cfd0b7428b2e0d11a\"},\"headline\":\"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-17T03:18:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-30T08:39:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\\\/department\\\/biochemistry\\\/en\\\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":248,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\\\/department\\\/biochemistry\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Research Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\\\/department\\\/biochemistry\\\/en\\\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\\\/department\\\/biochemistry\\\/en\\\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2 - 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A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have [...]","og_url":"https:\/\/www2.si.mahidol.ac.th\/department\/biochemistry\/en\/discovery-of-procyanidin-condensed-tannins-of-epicatechin-from-kratom-mitragyna-speciosa-as-virucidal-agents-against-sars-cov-2-2\/","og_site_name":"\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e28\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SIBBprogram\/","article_published_time":"2025-12-17T03:18:03+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-30T08:39:25+00:00","author":"Poorintra Sakuna","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Poorintra Sakuna","Est. reading time":"2 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